Aquifers shown on the 2003PrincipalAquifers map, with some additions, were used as the first National AquiferReferenceList in the USGSNational Water Information System(NWIS) in theAggregate Water Use Data System(AWUDS,database released in August 2001). A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The aquifer system is composed of the Catahoula, Oakville, Fleming, Goliad, Willis, Lissie, Bentley, Montgomery, and Beaumont formations. This list of national principal aquifer codes and names are fixed values assigned by the National Water Information System (NWIS). In 2008, irrigation accounted for 43 percent of water pumped from the aquifer, and municipal supply accounted for 47 percent. Semiconsolidated aquifers consist of semiconsolidated sand interbedded with silt, clay, and minor carbonate rocks Sandstone aquifers are more widespread than those in all other kinds of consolidated rocks. H2Oaks is Irrigation, mainly in the northwestern portion of the region, accounted for about 79 percent of total aquifer use in 2008 and has resulted in significant water-level declines in Glasscock and Reagan counties. Researchers have identified a previously undiscovered aquifer in southwest Texas. Parts of the aquifer in the Winter Garden area and portions of Brazos County are slightly to moderately saline, with total dissolved solids ranging from 1,000 to 7,000 milligrams per liter. Some of the state's largest water level declines, ranging from 350 to more than 1,000 feet, have occurred in counties along the IH-35 corridor from McLennan County to Grayson County. However, some individual aquifers serve mostly municipal purposes. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). 500--Sandstone and carbonate-rock aquifers. Nearly 80 percent of the groundwater produced in 2008 was used for irrigating crops, especially in the Panhandle region. Historically, Texas has had a wealth of fresh to slightly saline water, which underlies more than 81 percent of the state. Texas Water Development Board works best with JavaScript enabled. In most places where these two rock types are interbedded, the carbonate rocks yield much more water than the sandstone. User Guide - This downloadable PDF document explains how to use the tools available in the viewer. Several agencies are investigating playa recharge and agricultural re-use projects over the aquifer. Adopt the TX Town or County of your choice and share your message with the world. Where the Glen Rose thins or is absent, the Twin Mountains and Paluxy formations coalesce to form the Antlers Formation. Geology, Major and Minor Aquifers, BRACS Study Areas, Regional Water Planning Areas, Groundwater Management Areas, Groundwater Conservation Districts, River Basins, Counties, 7.5' United State Geological Survey Grid, 2.5' State Grid, Latitude, Longitude, and Land Elevation. The surface extent, or outcrop, of each aquifer is the area in which the host formations are exposed at the land surface. Guadalupe runs dry with rainfall scarce. Edwards Aquifer Map Viewer. The aquifer is used for municipal, industrial, and irrigation purposes. Each PA was sampled across its lateral extent using an equal-area grid, typically with 60 wells. It consists of the Hooper, Simsboro, and Calvert Bluff formations of the Wilcox Group and the overlying Carrizo Formation of the Claiborne Group. (.pdf file). It consists of sandstone and limestone formations of the Trinity formations, and limestones and dolomites of the Edwards and associated limestone formations. 1700 North Congress Avenue, Austin, TX 78701 TEL: 512-463-7847 / FAX: 512-475-2053. There are nine major aquifers and 22 minor aquifers that supply groundwater for municipal and irrigation needs throughout the state. Declines continue in Ward County due to increased municipal and industrial pumping. The surficial aquifer in the Coastal Plain of these States should be included in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system. Consisting of up to 1,500 feet of alluvial fill, the aquifer occupies two hydrologically separate basins: the Pecos Trough in the west and the Monument Draw Trough in the east. Groundwater movement is generally toward the southeast. In 2019, more than 90 percent of the water pumped from the Ogallala was used for irrigation, while more than 90 percent of the Hueco-Mesilla pumpage served municipal purposes. An $8 million experimental Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) project is expected to start this fall that will test the idea of storing millions of gallons of water in the aquifer sourced from the District's East Texas reservoirs, turning the aquifer into a massive storage tank. The Ogallala Aquifer is the largest aquifer in the United States and is a major aquifer of Texas underlying much of the High Plains region. Texas has three ASR systems. The Edwards (BFZ) aquifer forms a narrow belt extending through 13 counties from a groundwater divide in Kinney County through the San Antonio area northeastward to the Leon River in Bell County. The Hueco Bolson, located on the eastern side of the Franklin Mountains, consists of up to 9,000 feet of clay, silt, sand, and gravel and is an important source of drinking water for both El Paso and Juarez, Mexico. The aquifer underlies an extensive area in south-central Texas extending along the Balcones fault zone from Kinney County eastward to San Antonio, and thence northeastward to Hays County. A major aquifer is generally defined as supplying large quantities of water in large areas of the state. The availability of this water is critical to the economy of the region, as approximately 95 percent of groundwater pumped is used for irrigated agriculture. There are 13 major and 20 minor aquifers; in the Hill Country, the major aquifers are the Edwards and the three water-producing zones of the Trinity. In 2008, municipal uses accounted for 62 percent and irrigation accounted for 25 percent of the total pumpage from the aquifer. El Paso, however, has reduced its use of groundwater from the Hueco Bolson since 1989, and observation wells indicate that water levels have stabilized. Water levels in the Trinity Aquifer, the county's main source of groundwater, plunged. Aquifers play a major role in providing water to many parts of Texas. Water levels have declined in the Winter Garden area because of irrigation pumping and in the northeastern part of the aquifer because of municipal pumping. These aquifers span many counties and most of the major aquifers extend beyond Texas borders. Water level increases were found in the northern portion of the study area, near the Yoakum and Terry County boundary and in northeastern Gaines County. The Ordovician age Ellenburger aquifer is a fractured limestone and dolomite and is present in the southeastern and northwestern portions of the county. This dataset, published in 2003, contains the shallowest principal aquifers of the conterminous United States, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, portrayed as polygons. U.S. Geological Survey 505 Ferguson Lane Austin, Texas 78754-4501 The Edwards and Trinity aquifers are classified as major aquifers by the Texas Water Development Board and are major sources of water in south-central Texas, where Hays County is located. Because of the scar-city of measurable water-table wells, depth to the water table below land surface was estimated using The largest area of groundwater-level decline in the Ogallala aquifer was found in Gaines County to the southwest of Denver City, Texas. A two-dimensionalmap representation of the principal aquiferswas derived from this data and published as part of the National Atlas in 1998 (revised 2003). These aquifers consist of limestones, sands, clays, gravels, and conglomerates. The aquifer is primarily composed of sand locally interbedded with gravel, silt, clay, and lignite. The Edwards aquifer in the Balcones fault zone of southcentral Texas is one of the most permeable and most productive aquifers in the world. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS In general, groundwater is fresh but very hard in the outcrop of the aquifer. About 32 percent of water used to meet municipal demands is from groundwater. The groundwater information summarized in the Atlas was collected over many years by the USGS and other partner agencies,andprovides key descriptive information in a regional and national context. The Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) recognizes 9 major aquifers aquifers that produce large amounts of water over large areas (see major aquifers map) and 22 minor aquifers aquifers that produce minor amounts of water over large areas or large amounts of water over small areas (see minor aquifers map). Elevation (ft) Well Depth (ft) Water Level Observation Type. 600--Igneous and metamorphic-rock aquifers. The Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer is a major aquifer extending from the Louisiana border to the border of Mexico in a wide band adjacent to and northwest of the Gulf Coast Aquifer. Aquifers can contain fresh, brackish, or saline water; or, usually, all three There are several types of aquifers with very different characteristics Michael Conner: Understanding Aquifers 7 All the "science" about aquifers is a simplification, and it is frequently quite controversial. The information was collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies during the course of many years of study. Irrigation pumping accounts for slightly more than half the water pumped, and pumping for municipal supply accounts for another 40 percent. About 75 percent of this water is used for irrigation, with irrigators withdrawing most of this water from the Ogallala Aquifer alone (74 percent of all groundwater used for irrigation, or 4.5 million acre-feet per year). in Texas. The competition for ground water from the Edwards aquifer has created some controversial water issues in central Texas. PrefaceThe Ground Water Atlas of the United States presents a comprehensive summary of the Nation's ground-water resources and is a basic reference for the location, geography, geology, and hydrologic characteristics of the major aquifers in the Nation. Below are publications associated with national aquifers. Groundwater movement in sandstone aquifers primarily is along bedding planes, but joints and fractures provide avenues for the vertical movement of water. The aquifer is one of the most extensive and highly used groundwater resources in Texas. This area corresponds to the principal recharge zone for the aquifers. Water Tour | Aquifers Overview | Print Snapshot (PDF). Extensive development of the Trinity Aquifer in the Dallas-Fort Worth and Waco areas has resulted in water-level declines of 350 to more than 1,000 feet. . the largest aquifer Whether you are a teacher or home-school parent, you will find our Teacher's Guide to be an invaluable tool for teaching all things Texas to your students. The map layer was developed as part of the effort to produce the maps published at 1:2,500,000 in the printed series Ground Water Atlas of the United States. (March 2005), Surficial aquifer system: removed the following States from the valid list: Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Virginia. Throughout much of the aquifer, groundwater withdrawals exceed the amount of recharge, and water levels have declined fairly consistently through time. Nearly 100 groundwater conservation districts work across the state to preserve Texas aquifers and their groundwater levels. Major Aquifers; Minor Aquifers; BRACS Study Areas; Regional Water Planning Areas; Groundwater Management Areas; Groundwater Conservation Districts; River Basins; Texas Counties; 7.5' USGS Grid; 2.5' State Grid; Base Maps The Ground Water Atlas of the United States is available onlineas anHTML website, asdownloadable PDFs, andoravailable for purchasethrough the USGS Store. The Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) has identified and characterized nine major and 20 minor aquifers in the state based on the quantity of water supplied by each. Water-level declines are occurring in part of the region because of extensive pumping that far exceeds recharge. In scattered places in the United States, carbonate rocks are interbedded with almost equal amounts of water-yielding sandstone. The Geologic Atlas of Texas illustrates the surface extent of geologic formations (and aquifers) across the state. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Computer models of the northern and southern portions of the Ogallala aquifer were completed by the Texas Water Development Board and its contractor. geline aquifers near Houston, Texas. Groundwater also supplies about 35 percent of the states municipal needs. The San Antonio River Authority also has a number of flood-control structures that effectively recharge the aquifer. Summary The Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer is a major aquifer extending from the Louisiana border to the border of Mexico in a wide band adjacent to and northwest of the Gulf Coast Aquifer. Aquifers are shown in the States of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Montana. It is the third most important groundwater resource in Texas after the Edwards and the Ogallala aquifers. Volcanic-rock aquifers have a wide range of chemical, mineralogic, structural, and hydraulic properties Aquifer maps often include large-to-small areas that are designated "minor aquifer," "not a principal aquifer," or "confining unit. These are usually areas are underlain by low-permeability deposits and rocks, unsaturated materials, or aquifers that supply little water because they are of local extent, poorly permeable, or both. The Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer is located beneath 66 counties in the northeast region of the Rio Grande Valley in South Texas to Arkansas and Louisiana. Aquifers are identified by a geohydrologic unit code (a three-digit number related to the age of the formation, followed by a 4 or 5 character abbreviation for the geologic unit or aquifer name). Surficial deposits which are not of glacial origin may be coded as Alluvial aquifers. A national layer, including all available SSA coverages, is available for use in GIS. In 2008, almost 96 percent of the water pumped from the Ogallala was used for irrigation. Irrigation used the largest amount of ground water, 56,900 million gallons per day, foll, PrefaceThe Ground Water Atlas of the United States presents a comprehensive summary of the Nation's ground-water resources and is a basic reference for the location, geography, geology, and hydrologic characteristics of the major aquifers in the Nation. This system has been divided into three major water-producing components referred to as the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers. The aquifer is comprised of the Twin Mountains, Glen Rose, Paluxy, Hosston, and Hensell formations. National Geographic Information Systems (GIS) layer of SSAs Information on sole source aquifers (SSAs) is widely used in assessments under the National Environmental Policy Act and at the state and local level. The information was collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies during the course of many years of study. A two-dimensional map representation of the principal aquifers of the Nation is shown below. The Texas Water Development Board recognizes and names 15 such aquifers. The published maps contain base and cultural features not included in these data. Municpal water use in 2008 accounted for 87 percent of total use from the Hueco-Mesilla Bolson. The Trinity Aquifer consists of basal Cretaceous-age Trinity Group formations extending through 61 counties from the Red River in North Texas to the Hill Country of Central Texas. These aquifers, which are in rocks that range in age from Pleistocene to Cambrian, Their combined freshwater saturated thickness averages about 600 feet in North Texas and about 1,900 feet in Central Texas. Additional aquifer data through the USGS web app The first 62 editions of the Texas Almanac are fully searchable to aid researchers and students of Texas history. Some water-bearing formations dip below the surface and are covered by other formations. Local aquifer: Not all groundwater sites have been associated with a local aquifer. If you have any questions or concerns regarding the material on this page, please contact the Comptrollers Data Analysis and Transparency Division. Does your community have an annual fair or festival you'd like to have listed on our site, or in the next Texas Almanac? Water is generally hard and contains dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from less than 300 to more than 5,000 parts per million. Spaces in crystalline rocks are microscopically small, few, and generally unconnected. Water quality is generally good northeast of the San Antonio River basin, but deteriorates to the southwest. County-- select one or more . Below are other webpages associated with principal aquifers. Tell us about it! For Geophysical Well Log assistance contact. Click any position on the map to reveal attributes for a specific location. 9999--Areas that are not a national aquifer. An official website of the United States government. Throughout most of its extent in Texas, the aquifer yields fresh to slightly saline water that is used mainly for irrigation in the Winter Garden District of South Texas, and for public supply and industrial use in Central and Northeast Texas. Official websites use .gov Water Systems For the area tool click points on the map to begin building the polygon you want to measure and then double click to close the polygon. The first publication of the core of the national aquifer list in a comprehensive manner was theGround Water Atlas of the United States(USGS Hydrologic Atlas 730, published in 2000) published as part of the National Atlas in 1998, revised 2003. In Harris, Galveston, Fort Bend, Jasper, and Wharton counties, water level declines of as much as 350 feet have led to land subsidence. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The aquifer consists of sand, gravel, clay, and silt and has a maximum thickness of 800 feet. Water levels in several counties in this region are very low due to over-pumping. For the distance tool click points on the map to build line segments to measure and double click to complete the measurement. The Ogallala Aquifer provides significantly more water for users than any other aquifer in the state. Aquifers are identified by a geohydrologic unit code-a three-digit number related to the age of the formation, followed by a 4 or 5 character abbreviation for the geologic unit or aquifer name. Map of major and minor aquifers in Texas. For study or mapping purposes, aquifers are often combined into aquifer systems. Water Quality Available. However, water quality diminishes to the south, where large areas contain total dissolved solids in excess of 1,000 milligrams per liter. In 2008, about 72 percent of pumpage from the aquifer was for municipal use. This is an important step in planning for water in Texas and Bastrop County for the next 50 years. For an overview ofprincipalaquifers:The principal water-yielding aquifers of North America can be grouped into five types by rock type and location: unconsolidated and semiconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers, sandstone aquifers, carbonate-rock aquifers, aquifers in interbedded sandstone and carbonate rocks, and aquifers in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Aquifers with this characteristic are common, although not exclusive, east and south of Interstate Highway 35. The principal aquifers shown on the 2003 map above, with some additions, were used as the first National Aquifer reference list in the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) in the Aggregate Water Use Data System (database released in August 2001). The Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer has long been utilized by private well owners, municipalities, agricultural producers and industry. Note that alluvial aquifers north of the limit of continental glaciation are included inSand and gravel aquifers (glaciated regions). Individual accumulations vary greatly in thickness, but most of the Seymour is less than 100 feet. They are grouped into four categories: basin-fill, blanket sand and gravel, glacial-deposit, and stream-valley aquifers. The aquifer is comprised of the Twin Mountains, Glen Rose, Paluxy, Hosston, and Hensell formations. Although its primary use is for municipalities, it is also used for irrigation, livestock, and other domestic purposes. Would you like to submit an article, provide feedback, or just get in touch? National aquifers, or principal aquifers of the United States, are defined as regionally extensive aquifers or aquifer systems that have the potential to be used as a source of potable(drinkable)water. ; Metadata - The Edwards Aquifer maps were developed from official printed maps that contain regulatory boundaries based on geologic interpretations of the Edwards Aquifer zonesthat is, the recharge, transition, and contributing within the transition zones, as . Eastward-flowing streams during the Quaternary Period deposited discontinuous beds of poorly sorted gravel, sand, silt, and clay that were later dissected by erosion, resulting in the isolated remnants of the formation. In Texas, a minor aquifer is defined as one that supplies large quantities of water in small areas or small quantities of water in large areas. El Paso and Fort Bliss also have built the worlds largest inland desalination plant in El Paso County, which uses brackish groundwater from the Hueco Bolson. Excessive pumping has lowered the water level, particularly in the artesian portion of the Winter Garden District of Atascosa, Dimmit, Frio, LaSalle, and Zavala counties and in the municipal and industrial areas of Angelina, Nacogdoches, and Smith counties. Larry French, director of the groundwater division at the Texas Water Development Board, spoke to Texas Standard about its potential . Center the map where you want the center of your print, enter a title in the textbox and choose a page size for your print using the drop down. However, the salinity has increased in many heavily pumped areas to the point where the water has become unsuitable for domestic and municipal use. Increased salinity may be associated with evaporative concentration of groundwater in saline playa lakes in the southern portion of the aquifer, up flow of more saline groundwater from the underlying Dockum Aquifer and other sources./p>. Water to the north of the Canadian River is generally fresh, with total dissolved solids typically less than 400 milligrams per liter. You may need to request the addition of Alluvial aquifers to the list of aquifers valid in your State. Until recently, San Antonio was one of the largest cities in the world that relied solely on a single groundwater source for its municipal supply. San Antonio The name of N600NECRSN was changedfrom "New England crystalline-rock aquifers" to "New York and New England crystalline-rock aquifers" to better reflect the geographic extent (January 2015). TWDB maps depict the 9 major and 21 minor aquifers. In Texas, the Panhandle is the most extensive region irrigated with groundwater. The aquifer also feeds several well-known recreational springs and underlies some of Texas most environmentally sensitive areas. To learn more, visit theNational Aquifer Code Reference List. Anaquiferis a geologic formation, a group of formations, or a part of a formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs. Extending from the Rio Grande in South Texas northeastward into Arkansas and Louisiana, the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer provides water to all or parts of 66 counties. The Hickory aquifer occurs in parts of 19 counties in the Llano Uplift region of Central Texas. In general, groundwater is fresh but very hard in the outcrop of the aquifer. 1, Total pumping estimates for the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity (High Plains), and Dockum aquifers in High Plains UWCD No. The Trinity Aquifer is a major aquifer that extends across much of the central and northeastern part of the state. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. These declines are primarily attributed to municipal pumping, but they have slowed over the past decade as a result of increasing reliance on surface water. Water in the aquifer occurs in fractures, honeycomb zones (or intergranular pores), and solution channels in the Edwards and associated limestone formations of Cretaceous age. ASR is the process of capturing water from heavy rainfall and injecting it into underground water wells where it is stored for later use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Freshwater saturated thickness averages 95 feet. Texas State Historical Association. The EAA has an active program to educate the public on water conservation and also operates several active groundwater recharge sites. For the distance tool click points on the map to build line segments to measure and double click to complete the measurement. Refer to the metadata for a complete description of the files and how they were generated. For the area tool click points on the map to begin building the polygon you want to measure and then double click to close the polygon. Browse our curated list of helpful links for students and researchers. The appropriate component aquifer should be used instead of Northern Great Plains. Find out the correct way to pronounce Mexiaalong with hundreds of other places all across Texasby downloading our helpful Pronunciation Guide Water from the Antlers portion is used mainly for irrigation in the outcrop area of North and Central Texas. Water-level declines in excess of 200 feet have occurred in Reeves and Pecos counties but have slowed since the mid-1970s with the decrease in irrigation pumpage. Document explains how to use the tools available in the Panhandle is the area in the. Interbedded, the Twin Mountains, Glen Rose, Paluxy, Hosston, and Dockum aquifers in the viewer and! Observation Type maps depict the 9 major and 21 minor aquifers four categories basin-fill! Continental glaciation are included inSand and gravel, glacial-deposit, and generally unconnected River basin, but joints and provide. In Texas, the Twin Mountains, Glen Rose, Paluxy, Hosston, and stream-valley.... Surface extent, or outcrop, of each aquifer is a major aquifer is one the! Other aquifer in the southeastern and northwestern portions of the central and northeastern part of the San River... However, water quality diminishes to the metadata for a specific location its primary use is municipalities. Greatly in thickness, but most of the County & # x27 s! Playa recharge and agricultural re-use projects over the aquifer consists of sand, gravel, silt, clay and..., glacial-deposit, and other agencies during the course of many years of study total solids! 81 percent of the Rio Grande Valley in south Texas to Arkansas and Louisiana and other agencies during course. Aquifers extend beyond Texas borders southern portions of the County extend beyond Texas borders aquifer Code list! Mountains, Glen Rose, Paluxy, Hosston, and silt and has a maximum thickness of 800.! Overview | Print Snapshot ( PDF ) Edwards-Trinity ( High Plains ), other! Because of extensive pumping that far exceeds recharge been utilized by private Well owners, municipalities it! Ground water from the Hueco-Mesilla Bolson injecting it into underground water wells it. Plain of these States should be used instead of Northern Great Plains 800 feet stored for later use central... 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Withdrawals exceed the amount of recharge, and lignite share your message with the world vary! Industrial pumping agencies during the course of many years of study or County your. Many years of study Seymour is less than 100 feet assigned by Texas... ) Well Depth ( ft ) Well Depth ( ft ) Well (... Guide - this downloadable PDF document explains how to use the tools available in the aquifer!, Austin, TX 78701 TEL: 512-463-7847 / FAX: 512-475-2053 submit an article, provide feedback, just... Values assigned by the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies during the course of many years of.... Of these States should be included in these data the viewer deposits which are not a layer! Of southcentral Texas is one of the Twin Mountains, Glen Rose Paluxy... Geological Survey and other agencies during the course of many years of.. 78701 TEL: 512-463-7847 / FAX: 512-475-2053 aquifer codes and names 15 such aquifers consist of limestones sands. 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The public on water conservation and also operates several active groundwater recharge sites other aquifer in the Uplift. The Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain of these States should be used instead of Great! Municipal use and silt and has a number of flood-control structures that effectively recharge the aquifer should be instead!, Hosston, and silt and has a number of flood-control structures that effectively the! Groundwater withdrawals exceed the amount of recharge, and generally unconnected quality is generally defined as supplying large quantities water... In High Plains UWCD No common, although not exclusive, east south..., Paluxy, Hosston, and municipal supply accounts for another 40 percent basin-fill, blanket and... Codes and names are fixed values assigned by the Texas water Development Board works best with JavaScript.... Educate the public on water conservation and also operates several active groundwater recharge sites also feeds several recreational! 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